The Interactive Effects of Listwide Control, Item-Based Control, and Working Memory Capacity on Stroop Performance

Autor/in	Hutchison, Keith A.
Titel	The Interactive Effects of Listwide Control, Item-Based Control, and Working Memory Capacity on Stroop Performance
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37 (2011) 4, S.851-860 (10 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/a0023437
Schlagwörter	Conflict; Short Term Memory; Task Analysis; Color; Congruence (Psychology); Theories; Attention; College Students; Montana + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Konflikt; Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Aufgabenanalyse; Colour; Farbbezeichnung; Farbe; Congruence; Psychology; Kongruenz; Psychologie; Theory; Theorie; Aufmerksamkeit; Collegestudent
Abstract	Hypothesized top-down and bottom-up mechanisms of control within conflict-rich environments were examined by presenting participants with a Stroop task in which specific words were usually presented in either congruent or incongruent colors. Incongruent colors were either frequently (high contingency) or infrequently (low contingency) paired with the word. These items were embedded within lists consisting of either 100% congruent or 100% incongruent filler items to create mostly congruent or mostly incongruent lists. Results indicated a significant item-specific congruency effect, which was largest for high contingency responses and within mostly congruent lists. In addition, a significant listwide congruency effect was obtained, and this interacted with working memory capacity (WMC). There were larger listwide congruency effects for low WMC individuals. Finally, the pattern of Stroop interference across lists for low WMC individuals was dependent upon the congruency of the preceding trial. These results support multiple forms of cognitive control, as well as contingency learning, as mechanisms underlying proportion congruence effects in Stroop and other conflict tasks. These findings are interpreted within Braver, Gray, and Burgess's (2007) dual mechanisms of control theory. (Contains 3 tables, 1 figure and 2 footnotes.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10