Demographic Changes in Russia as a Precondition for the Modernization of the Education System

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Autor/inn/en	Rimashevskaia, N. M.; Dobrokhleb, V. G.; Kislitsyna, O. A.
Titel	Demographic Changes in Russia as a Precondition for the Modernization of the Education System
Quelle	In: Russian Education and Society, 52 (2010) 4, S.12-35 (24 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1060-9393
DOI	10.2753/RES1060-9393520402
Schlagwörter	Economic Progress; Human Capital; Educational Needs; Birth Rate; Economic Impact; Foreign Countries; Migration; Economic Climate; Population Trends; Public Policy; Employment Level; Older Adults; Educational Attainment; Social Influences; Family Income; Health Conditions; Mortality Rate; Aging (Individuals); Educational Change; Higher Education; Adult Education; Russia + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Economic growth; Wirtschaftswachstum; Humankapital; Educational need; Bildungsbedarf; Ökonomische Determinanten; Ausland; Wirtschaftslage; Bevölkerungsprognose; Öffentliche Ordnung; Beschäftigungsgrad; Älterer Erwachsener; Bildungsabschluss; Bildungsgut; Sozialer Einfluss; Familieneinkommen; Mortalitätsrate; Aging; Altern; Bildungsreform; Hochschulbildung; Hochschulsystem; Hochschulwesen; Adult; Adults; Education; Adult basic education; Adult training; Erwachsenenbildung; Russland
Abstract	The demographic situation in the Russian Federation is characterized by a steady process of natural population loss; it began in 1992 and coincided with the economic crisis. To a partial extent the loss was made up for by migration, and by early 2008 the number of inhabitants of Russia declined to 142 million compared to 148.6 million in early 1993. The birth rate in the country went down steadily over the span of almost the entire last century. By the mid-1960s the birth rate had already fallen to a level that was not sufficient to ensure population reproduction: the crude birth-rate coefficient stood at 2.14. The decline in the number of births in the 1960s was an echo of the Great War for the motherland. It was not until 1986 that the birth rate started to go up a bit, thanks to the implementation of the state's policy of pronatal measures. Starting in 1989 a process of birth-rate decline took place; it was of a precipitous character, and it did not slow down very much until 2000-2004, when the birth rate figures actually began to go up just a bit, as relatively large cohorts came into their childbearing age. However, 2004 marked the beginning of a decline in the number of women of reproductive age. Human potential is built up first and foremost on the basis of education and health. Studies have shown that level of employment at older ages is linked to education level. The employment of older people produces a substantial social and economic effect, because it serves to create new products, contribute to economic growth, increase family incomes, and retain social ties. Demographic changes require that all economic and social institutions adapt to the new conditions. In Russia a special role must be played by intensive development based on knowledge, because only in this way is it possible to achieve success in terms of not just numbers but also ability, to partially compensate for quantitative changes by improving human potential as a whole, through improved health, increased life expectancy, and a higher level and improved structure of education. To a very large extent, Russia's system of education is closed to older people, and society at best tends to be indifferent toward their educational needs. This article contends that aging of the Russian population and a reduction in its size require significant increases in investment in education and the development of human capital. [This article was translated by Kim Braithwaite.] (Contains 9 figures and 4 tables.) (ERIC).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10