Using Private Demand Studies to Calculate Socially Optimal Vaccine Subsidies in Developing Countries

Autor/inn/en	Cook, Joseph; Jeuland, Marc; Maskery, Brian; Lauria, Donald; Dipika, Sur; Clemens, John; Whittington, Dale
Titel	Using Private Demand Studies to Calculate Socially Optimal Vaccine Subsidies in Developing Countries
Quelle	In: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 28 (2009) 1, S.6-28 (23 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0276-8739
DOI	10.1002/pam.20401
Schlagwörter	Neighborhoods; Mathematical Models; Immunization Programs; Economics; Foreign Countries; Grants; Developing Nations; Financial Support; Epidemiology; Costs; Public Health; Social Influences; Health Promotion; Economic Factors; Socioeconomic Influences; Diseases; Rural Areas; Urban Areas; Bangladesh; India + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Neighbourhoods; Nachbarschaft; Mathematical model; Mathematisches Modell; Immunisierung; Volkswirtschaftslehre; Ausland; Grant; Finanzielle Beihilfe; Developing country; Developing countries; Entwicklungsland; Finanzielle Förderung; Epidemiologie; Cost; Kosten; Gesundheitswesen; Sozialer Einfluss; Gesundheitsfürsorge; Gesundheitshilfe; Reihenuntersuchung; Ökonomischer Faktor; Sozioökonomischer Faktor; Disease; Krankheit; Rural area; Ländlicher Raum; Urban area; Stadtregion; Bangladesch; Indien
Abstract	Although it is well known that vaccines against many infectious diseases confer positive economic externalities via indirect protection, analysts have typically ignored possible herd protection effects in policy analyses of vaccination programs. Despite a growing literature on the economic theory of vaccine externalities and several innovative mathematical modeling approaches, there have been almost no empirical applications. The first objective of the paper is to develop a transparent, accessible economic framework for assessing the private and social economic benefits of vaccination. We also describe how stated preference studies (for example, contingent valuation and choice modeling) can be useful sources of economic data for this analytic framework. We demonstrate socially optimal policies using a graphical approach, starting with a standard textbook depiction of Pigouvian subsidies applied to herd protection from vaccination programs. We also describe nonstandard depictions that highlight some counterintuitive implications of herd protection that we feel are not commonly understood in the applied policy literature. We illustrate the approach using economic and epidemiological data from two neighborhoods in Kolkata, India. We use recently published epidemiological data on the indirect effects of cholera vaccination in Matlab, Bangladesh (Ali et al., 2005) for fitting a simple mathematical model of how protection changes with vaccine coverage. We use new data on costs and private demand for cholera vaccines in Kolkata, India, and approximate the optimal Pigouvian subsidy. We find that if the optimal subsidy is unknown, selling vaccines at full marginal cost may, under some circumstances, be a preferable second-best option to providing them for free. (Contains 14 footnotes, 2 tables, and 8 figures.) (As Provided).
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Update	2017/4/10