A Ladder of Thinking

Autor/in	Lovrich, Deborah
Titel	A Ladder of Thinking
Quelle	In: Science Teacher, 71 (2004) 4, S.56-59 (4 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0036-8555
Schlagwörter	Prior Learning; Stimuli; Metacognition; Information Processing; Thinking Skills; Problem Solving; Concept Formation; Science Education; Science Laboratories; Observation; Cognitive Processes; Learning Processes; High School Students; Secondary School Science + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Vorkenntnisse; Anreizsystem; Meta cognitive ability; Meta-cognition; Metakognitive Fähigkeit; Metakognition; Informationsverarbeitung; Denkfähigkeit; Problemlösen; Concept learning; Begriffsbildung; Naturwissenschaftliche Bildung; Beobachtung; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Learning process; Lernprozess; High school; High schools; Student; Students; Oberschule; Schüler; Schülerin; Studentin
Abstract	Scientists and students often believe that if they just think harder about a problem, a solution will follow. However, thinking about one's thinking, or using metacognition, can be a more productive expenditure of mental energy. Introducing students to metacognition allows them to discover the value of reflection. This article presents a lesson on top-down and bottom-up processing, two of the main ways in which people handle information. Bottom-up processing refers to beginning with a low level (bottom) of thinking to process basic features of stimuli and then arranging these features to form a concept, a high level (up) of thinking. Top-down processing emphasizes how prior knowledge and expectations, which are high levels (top) of thinking, influence how people interpret the low level (down) characteristics of stimuli. Most importantly, the lesson is designed to help students understand why they should proceed slowly and deliberately when making observations in a science lab or when answering questions on a test. (Contains 4 figures.) (ERIC).
Anmerkungen	National Science Teachers Association. 1840 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22201-3000. Tel: 800-722-6782; Fax: 703-243-3924; e-mail: membership@nsta.org; Web site: http://www.nsta.org
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10