Employment Outcomes for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Theory Mapping of the Evidence

Autor/in	Mpofu, Elias
Titel	Employment Outcomes for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Theory Mapping of the Evidence
Quelle	In: Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education, 37 (2023) 1, S.49-59 (11 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	2168-6653
DOI	10.1891/RE-22-16
Schlagwörter	Autism Spectrum Disorders; Employment Level; Social Bias; Theories; Research; Behavior Problems; Social Discrimination; Equal Opportunities (Jobs); Research Needs; Symptoms (Individual Disorders) + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Autism; Autismus; Beschäftigungsgrad; Theory; Theorie; Forschung; Soziale Benachteiligung; Soziale Schließung; Equal opportunity; Equal opportunities; Job; Jobs; Chancengleichheit; Beruf; Forschungsbedarf; Psychiatrische Symptomatik
Abstract	Background: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are three to four times less largely to be with employment compared to neurotypical others. Theory based studies may provide helpful indicators for the design and implementation of employment supports for people with ASD. Objective: This critical review examined the extent of the evidence for theory in studies on employment outcomes for people with ASD and taking into account social inequality. For the evidence, 35 studies were selected for review if they were published in the period 2000--2016 and assessed for the association between work participation with ASD applying descriptive survey or quasi-experimental design. Methods: Studies were examined for use of any theory, including four predetermined theory types: social liminality, psychosocial, behavioral, and structural-infrastructural. They were also content-analyzed to determine if they cited any evidence of social inequality influences on employment outcomes with ASD. Findings: Results indicated that none of the studies explicitly applied and tested a theory on work participation with ASD. Rather, the majority of the studies were implicitly framed on predominantly behavioral type theory with minor elements of workplace psychosocial support theory-oriented interventions. Regard of structural-infrastructural type theory addressing social inequality is incidentally addressed by a few of the studies (n = 3) that examined family income status influences. Conclusion: In conclusion, extant studies on the association between employment outcomes and ASD are seriously limited in their explanatory value by a lack of theoretical grounding. They also neglect influences of antecedent social inequality in employment outcomes with ASD. Future studies should apply specific theory to questions on employment outcomes with ASD to provide usable evidence to inform employment support policy instruments and interventions for people with ASD. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	Springer Publishing Company. 11 West 42nd Street 15th Floor, New York, NY 10036. Tel: 877-687-7476; Tel: 212-431-4370; Fax: 212-941-7842; e-mail: subscriptions@springerpub.com; Web site: https://connect.springerpub.com/content/sgrrrpe
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01