Camouflaging in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Examining the Roles of Sex, Gender Identity, and Diagnostic Timing

Autor/inn/en	McQuaid, Goldie A.; Lee, Nancy Raitano; Wallace, Gregory L.
Titel	Camouflaging in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Examining the Roles of Sex, Gender Identity, and Diagnostic Timing
Quelle	In: Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 26 (2022) 2, S.552-559 (8 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (McQuaid, Goldie A.) ORCID (Wallace, Gregory L.)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1362-3613
DOI	10.1177/13623613211042131
Schlagwörter	Autism; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Gender Differences; Sexual Identity; Clinical Diagnosis; Adults; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Time; Individual Characteristics; Identification (Psychology) + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Autismus; Geschlechterkonflikt; Geschlechtsidentität; Sexuelle Identität; Psychiatrische Symptomatik; Zeit; Personality characteristic; Personality traits; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal
Abstract	Camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder could be a factor in later diagnosis of individuals without co-occurring intellectual disability, particularly among those designated female sex at birth. Little research to date has examined how gender identity impacts camouflaging, however. Further, no study has compared groups that differ in diagnostic timing to directly investigate if later-diagnosed individuals demonstrate elevated camouflaging relative to those receiving an earlier diagnosis. Using the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales (Assimilation, Compensation, and Masking), we investigated the roles of sex, gender identity (gender diverse vs cisgender), and diagnostic timing (childhood/adolescent-diagnosed vs adult-diagnosed), and the interactions of these factors, in autistic adults (N = 502; age 18-49 years). Main effects of sex, gender identity, and diagnostic timing were revealed. Autistic females reported more camouflaging across Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales compared to males. Gender diverse adults reported elevated camouflaging on the Compensation subscale compared to cisgender adults. Adulthood-diagnosed individuals reported elevated Assimilation and Compensation compared to childhood/adolescence-diagnosed individuals. We discuss how aspects of camouflaging may have particular implications for later diagnostic timing and for the intersection of neurodiversity and gender diversity. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01