Dealing with Effect Size Multiplicity in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Autor/inn/en	López-López, José A.; Page, Matthew J.; Lipsey, Mark W.; Higgins, Julian P. T.
Titel	Dealing with Effect Size Multiplicity in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Quelle	In: Research Synthesis Methods, 9 (2018) 3, S.336-351 (16 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (López-López, José A.)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1759-2879
DOI	10.1002/jrsm.1310
Schlagwörter	Effect Size; Literature Reviews; Meta Analysis; Research Methodology; Statistical Analysis; Research Design + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Meta-analysis; Metaanalyse; Research method; Forschungsmethode; Statistische Analyse; Forschungsdesign
Abstract	Systematic reviews often encounter primary studies that report multiple effect sizes based on data from the same participants. These have the potential to introduce statistical dependency into the meta-analytic data set. In this paper, we provide a tutorial on dealing with effect size multiplicity within studies in the context of meta-analyses of intervention and association studies, recommending a three-step approach. The first step is to define the research question and consider the extent to which it mainly reflects interest in mean effect sizes (which we term a "convergent" approach) or an interest in exploring heterogeneity (which we term a "divergent" approach). A second step is to identify the types of multiplicities that appear in the initial database of effect sizes relevant to the research question, and we propose a categorization scheme to differentiate them. The third step is to select a strategy for dealing with each type of multiplicity. The researcher can choose between a "reductionist" meta-analytic approach, which is characterized by inclusion of a single effect size per study, and an "integrative" approach, characterized by inclusion of multiple effect sizes per study. We present an overview of available analysis strategies for dealing with effect size multiplicity within studies and provide recommendations intended to help researchers decide which strategy might be preferable in particular situations. Last, we offer caveats and cautions about addressing the challenges multiplicity poses for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. (As Provided).
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Update	2024/1/01