Children Use Targets' Facial Appearance to Guide and Predict Social Behavior

Autor/inn/en	Charlesworth, Tessa E. S.; Hudson, Sa-kiera T. J.; Cogsdill, Emily J.; Spelke, Elizabeth S.; Banaji, Mahzarin R.
Titel	Children Use Targets' Facial Appearance to Guide and Predict Social Behavior
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 55 (2019) 7, S.1400-1413 (14 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Charlesworth, Tessa E. S.)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0000734
Schlagwörter	Human Body; Personality Traits; Physical Characteristics; Decision Making; Child Behavior; Developmental Stages; Preschool Children; Trust (Psychology); Correlation; Kindergarten; Social Behavior; Interpersonal Competence; Inferences; Social Development; Cognitive Development; Visual Stimuli; Laptop Computers; Age Differences; Cues; Prosocial Behavior; Meta Analysis + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Menschlicher Körper; Individual characteristics; Personality characteristic; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Körperliche Erscheinung; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Pre-school age; Preschool age; Child; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Kind; Kinder; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule; Korrelation; Social behaviour; Soziales Verhalten; Interpersonale Kompetenz; Inference; Inferenz; Soziale Entwicklung; Kognitive Entwicklung; Laptop computer; Laptop; Computer; Digitalrechner; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Stichwort; Meta-analysis; Metaanalyse
Abstract	Humans possess a tendency to rapidly and consistently make character evaluations from mere facial appearance. Recent work shows that this tendency emerges surprisingly early: children as young as 3-years-old provide adult-like assessments of others on character attributes such as "nice," "strong," and "smart" based only on subtle variations in targets' face shape and physiognomy (i.e., latent face-traits). The present research examined the behavioral consequences of children's face-trait judgments by asking whether, and if so when in development, the appearance of face-traits also (a) shapes children's judgments "of" targets' behaviors and (b) guides children's behavior "toward" targets. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that, by 3 years of age, children used facial features in character evaluations but not in judgments of targets' behavior, whereas by 5 years of age, children reliably made both character and behavior judgments from face-traits. Age-related change in behavior judgments was also observed in children's own behaviors "toward" targets: Experiments 3 and 4 showed that, by age 5 (but not earlier), children were more likely to give gifts to targets with trustworthy and submissive-looking faces (Experiment 3) and showed concordance between their character evaluations and gift-giving behaviors (Experiment 4). These findings newly suggest that, although children may rapidly make character evaluations from face-trait appearance, predicting and performing social behaviors based on face-traits may require more developed and specific understanding of traits and their relationships to behaviors. Nevertheless, by kindergarten, even relatively arbitrary and subtle face-traits appear to have meaningful consequences in shaping children's social judgments and interactions. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01