Gender-Identity Typologies Are Related to Gender-Typing, Friendships, and Social-Emotional Adjustment in Dutch Emerging Adults

Autor/inn/en	Endendijk, Joyce J.; Andrews, Naomi C. Z.; England, Dawn E.; Martin, Carol L.
Titel	Gender-Identity Typologies Are Related to Gender-Typing, Friendships, and Social-Emotional Adjustment in Dutch Emerging Adults
Quelle	In: International Journal of Behavioral Development, 43 (2019) 4, S.322-333 (12 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Endendijk, Joyce J.) ORCID (Andrews, Naomi C. Z.)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0165-0254
DOI	10.1177/0165025418820686
Schlagwörter	Sexual Identity; Young Adults; Sex Stereotypes; Friendship; Social Adjustment; Emotional Adjustment; Gender Differences; Self Concept; Gender Bias; Interpersonal Competence; Foreign Countries; Vocational Education; Student Attitudes; Self Efficacy; Correlation; Self Esteem; Behavior Patterns; Graduate Students; Undergraduate Students; Student Characteristics; Measures (Individuals); Postsecondary Education; Netherlands + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Geschlechtsidentität; Sexuelle Identität; Young adult; Junger Erwachsener; Freundschaft; Soziale Anpassung; Emotionale Anpassung; Geschlechterkonflikt; Selbstkonzept; Geschlechterstereotyp; Interpersonale Kompetenz; Ausland; Ausbildung; Berufsbildung; Schülerverhalten; Self-efficacy; Selbstwirksamkeit; Korrelation; Self-esteem; Selbstaufmerksamkeit; Graduate Study; Student; Students; Aufbaustudium; Graduiertenstudium; Hauptstudium; Studentin; Messdaten; Post-secondary education; Tertiäre Bildung; Niederlande
Abstract	The current study examined emerging adults' gender identity and its link with several gender-related and social outcomes, by using a novel dual-identity approach that was originally developed in children. Dutch emerging adults between 18 and 25 years old (N = 318, M[subscript age] = 21.73, SD = 2.02; 51% female) indicated their similarity to the own-gender group and the other-gender group to assess gender identity. They completed questionnaires assessing gender-typed behavior (internalized sexualization, toughness, emotional stoicism) and attitudes (i.e., sexism); friendship efficacy and ability; and social-emotional adjustment. Cluster analysis on the gender-identity items revealed four gender-identity types: (a) feeling similar to one's own gender, but not to the other gender (Own-GS); (b) feeling similar to both one's own and the other gender (Both-GS); (c) feeling dissimilar to one's own gender (Low-Own-GS); and (d) feeling similar to neither gender (Low-GS). Own-GS and Low-GS adults were most gender-typed in their behavior and showed sexist attitudes. Both-GS adults felt efficacious and were highly able to relate to both genders, whereas the other groups felt efficacious and were able to relate to only one gender (Own-GS, Low-Own-GS), or to neither gender (Low-GS). Low-Own-GS and Low-GS were least well-adjusted social-emotionally. Findings suggest that identifying with one's own gender is helpful for certain aspects of social-emotional adjustment but that also identifying with the other gender provides the advantage of flexible social and interpersonal skills and egalitarian gender attitudes. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01