How Can Memories Last for Days, Years, or a Lifetime? Proposed Mechanisms for Maintaining Synaptic Potentiation and Memory

Autor/inn/en	Smolen, Paul; Baxter, Douglas A.; Byrne, John H.
Titel	How Can Memories Last for Days, Years, or a Lifetime? Proposed Mechanisms for Maintaining Synaptic Potentiation and Memory
Quelle	In: Learning & Memory, 26 (2016) 5, S.133-150 (18 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1072-0502
DOI	10.1101/lm.049395.119
Schlagwörter	Long Term Memory; Models; Molecular Structure; Feedback (Response); Maintenance; Brain; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Genetics; Correlation; Simulation + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Langzeitgedächtnis; Analogiemodell; Gehirn; Humangenetik; Korrelation; Simulation program; Simulationsprogramm
Abstract	With memory encoding reliant on persistent changes in the properties of synapses, a key question is how can memories be maintained from days to months or a lifetime given molecular turnover? It is likely that positive feedback loops are necessary to persistently maintain the strength of synapses that participate in encoding. Such feedback may occur within signal-transduction cascades and/or the regulation of translation, and it may occur within specific subcellular compartments or within neuronal networks. Not surprisingly, numerous positive feedback loops have been proposed. Some posited loops operate at the level of biochemical signal-transduction cascades, such as persistent activation of Ca[superscript 2+]/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) or protein kinase M?. Another level consists of feedback loops involving transcriptional, epigenetic and translational pathways, and autocrine actions of growth factors such as BDNF. Finally, at the neuronal network level, recurrent reactivation of cell assemblies encoding memories is likely to be essential for late maintenance of memory. These levels are not isolated, but linked by shared components of feedback loops. Here, we review characteristics of some commonly discussed feedback loops proposed to underlie the maintenance of memory and long-term synaptic plasticity, assess evidence for and against their necessity, and suggest experiments that could further delineate the dynamics of these feedback loops. We also discuss crosstalk between proposed loops, and ways in which such interaction can facilitate the rapidity and robustness of memory formation and storage. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 500 Sunnyside Boulevard, Woodbury, NY 11797-2924. Tel: 800-843-4388; Tel: 516-367-8800; Fax: 516-422-4097; e-mail: cshpres@cshl.edu; Web site: http://learnmem.cshlp.org
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01