Developmental Differences in Intra-Individual Variability in Children with ADHD and ASD

Autor/inn/en	Belle, Janna; van Hulst, Branko M.; Durston, Sarah
Titel	Developmental Differences in Intra-Individual Variability in Children with ADHD and ASD
Quelle	In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56 (2015) 12, S.1316-1326 (11 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0021-9630
DOI	10.1111/jcpp.12417
Schlagwörter	Individual Differences; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Autism; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Scores; Control Groups; Intelligence Quotient; Gender Differences; Reaction Time; Task Analysis; Cognitive Ability; Developmental Stages; Cognitive Development; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Age Differences; Statistical Analysis + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Individueller Unterschied; Autismus; Intelligenzquotient; Geschlechterkonflikt; Reaktionsvermögen; Aufgabenanalyse; Denkfähigkeit; Kognitive Entwicklung; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Statistische Analyse
Abstract	Background: Intra-individual variability reflects temporal variation within an individual's performance on a cognitive task. Children with developmental disorders, such as ADHD and ASD show increased levels of intra-individual variability. In typical development, intra-individual variability decreases sharply between the ages 6 and 20. The tight link between intra-individual variability and age has led to the suggestion that it may be marker of neural development. As there is accumulating evidence that ADHD and ASD are characterised by atypical neurodevelopmental trajectories, we set out to explore developmental changes in intra-individual variability in subjects with ADHD and ASD. Method: We used propensity score matching to match a cross-sectional sample of children with ADHD, ASD and control subjects (N = 405, aged 6-19 years old) for age, IQ and gender. We used ex-Gaussian distribution parameters to characterise intra-individual variability on fast responses (sigma) and slow responses (tau). Result: Results showed that there was a similar decrease in mean response times with age across groups, and an interaction between age and group for measures of variability, where there was a much lower rate of change in the variability parameters (sigma and tau) for subjects with ASD compared with the other two groups. Subjects with ADHD had higher intra-individual variability, reflected by both sigma and tau, but the rate of decrease in variability with age was similar to that of the controls. Conclusion: These results suggest that subjects with ADHD, ASD and controls differ in the rate at which intra-individual variability decreases during development, and support the idea that intra-individual variability may be a marker of neural development, mimicking the neurodevelopmental changes in these disorders. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01