Cognitive Impairments Are Different in Single-Incidence and Multi-Incidence ADHD Families

Autor/inn/en	Oerlemans, Anoek M.; Hartman, Catharina A.; Bruijn, Yvette G. E.; Franke, Barbara; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Rommelse, Nanda N. J.
Titel	Cognitive Impairments Are Different in Single-Incidence and Multi-Incidence ADHD Families
Quelle	In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56 (2015) 7, S.782-791 (10 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0021-9630
DOI	10.1111/jcpp.12349
Schlagwörter	Incidence; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Role; Neurological Impairments; Genetics; Patients; Siblings; Profiles; Intelligence Tests; Task Analysis; Verbal Ability; Attention Control; Executive Function; Control Groups; Children; Adolescents; Comparative Analysis; Psychomotor Skills; Short Term Memory; Visual Perception; Cognitive Ability; Family (Sociological Unit); Attribution Theory + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Vorkommen; Rollen; Neurodegenerative Erkrankung; Humangenetik; Patient; Sibling; Geschwister; Charakterisierung; Profilanalyse; Intelligence test; Intelligenztest; Aufgabenanalyse; Mündliche Leistung; Aufmerksamkeitstest; Child; Kind; Kinder; Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Psychomotorische Aktivität; Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Denkfähigkeit; Familie
Abstract	Background: We may improve our understanding of the role of common versus unique risk factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by examining ADHD-related cognitive deficits in single- (SPX), and multi-incidence (MPX) families. Given that individuals from multiplex (MPX) families are likely to share genetic vulnerability for the disorder, whereas simplex (SPX) ADHD may be the result of sporadic (non-)genetic causes unique to the patient, we hypothesized that cognitive impairments may be different in SPX and MPX ADHD as indicated by (a) the presence of cognitive deficits in MPX, but not SPX unaffected siblings and (b) dissimilar cognitive profiles in SPX and MPX ADHD patients. Methods: Tasks measuring total IQ, verbal attention, executive functioning, motor functioning, and time estimation were administered to 31 SPX/264 MPX ADHD probands, 47 SPX/123 MPX unaffected siblings, and 263 controls, aged 6-19 years. Results: SPX unaffected siblings were unimpaired compared to controls, except for verbal working memory, whereas MPX unaffected siblings showed impairments on most cognitive domains. The cognitive profiles of SPX and MPX probands were highly similar, except that verbal attention, response inhibition and motor control deficits were more pronounced in MPX probands, and -compared to their unaffected siblings- impairments in IQ, visual working memory and timing abilities were more pronounced in SPX cases. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that a partly different cognitive architecture may underlie SPX and MPX forms of ADHD, which becomes evident when contrasting cognitive performances "within" families. Cognitive factors underlying MPX forms of ADHD are familial, whereas nonfamilial in SPX ADHD. SPX-MPX stratification may be a step forward in unraveling diverse causal pathways. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01