The High Cost of Harsh Discipline and Its Disparate Impact

Autor/inn/en	Rumberger, Russell W.; Losen, Daniel J.
Institution	Civil Rights Project / Proyecto Derechos Civiles, Center for Civil Rights Remedies (CCRR)
Titel	The High Cost of Harsh Discipline and Its Disparate Impact
Quelle	(2016), (31 Seiten) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Monographie
Schlagwörter	Discipline; Suspension; Costs; Dropouts; Causal Models; Computation; Longitudinal Studies; High School Students; Grade 9; Grade 10; Statistical Analysis; African American Students; Hispanic American Students; White Students; Graduation Rate; Economic Impact; Disproportionate Representation; Racial Differences; Regression (Statistics); California; Florida; Texas; United States + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Disziplin; Ausschluss; Schulausschluss; Cost; Kosten; Drop-out; Drop-outs; Dropout; Early leavers; Schulversagen; Kausalanalyse; Longitudinal study; Longitudinal method; Longitudinal methods; Längsschnittuntersuchung; High school; High schools; Student; Students; Oberschule; Schüler; Schülerin; Studentin; School year 09; 9. Schuljahr; Schuljahr 09; Statistische Analyse; African Americans; Afroamerikaner; Hispanic; Hispanic Americans; Hispanoamerikaner; Ökonomische Determinanten; Rassenunterschied; Regression; Regressionsanalyse; Kalifornien; USA
Abstract	School suspension rates have been rising since the early 1970s, especially for children of color. One body of research has demonstrated that suspension from school is harmful to students, as it increases the risk of retention and school dropout. Another has demonstrated that school dropouts impose huge social costs on their states and localities, due to lost wages and taxes, increased crime, higher welfare costs, and poorer health. Although it is estimated that reducing school suspension rates in Texas would save the state up to $1 billion in social costs, only one study to date has linked these two bodies of research. The current study addresses some of the limitations of that study by (1) estimating a stronger causal model of the effects suspension has on dropping out of school, (2) calculating a more comprehensive set of the social costs associated with dropping out, and (3) estimating the cost of school suspensions in Florida and California, and for the U.S. as a whole. The results show that suspensions in 10th grade alone produced more than 67,000 dropouts in the U.S. and generated social costs to the nation of more than $35 billion. These results are undoubtedly conservative, since the California and U.S. estimates were limited to 10th-grade students, while the Florida estimates were limited to 9th-grade students. Thus, they did not capture the effects of suspensions in earlier grades. The report contains recommendations for policymakers, an appendix detailing the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 analysis, and endnotes. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	Civil Rights Project / Proyecto Derechos Civiles. 8370 Math Sciences, P.O. Box 951521, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1521. Tel: 310-267-5562; Fax: 310-206-6293; e-mail: crp@ucla.edu; Web site: http://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01