Bilingual Education in the United States, the Pacific and Southeast Asia.

Autor/in	Lester, Mark
Institution	Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. East-West Center.
Titel	Bilingual Education in the United States, the Pacific and Southeast Asia.
Quelle	In: Topics in Cultural Learning, 2 (1974), S.137-146 (12 Seiten) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Verfügbarkeit
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Schlagwörter	Biculturalism; Bilingual Education; Bilingual Schools; Bilingual Students; Bilingual Teachers; Bilingualism; Cultural Pluralism; Culture Conflict; Culture Contact; Language Instruction; Language Planning; Language Standardization; Multilingualism; Official Languages; Second Languages + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Bikulturalität; Bilingual teaching; Bilingualer Unterricht; Bilingual scholl; Bilinguale Schule; Bilingualismus; Kulturpluralismus; Kulturkonflikt; Sprachwechsel; Mehrsprachigkeit; Multilingualismus; Office language; Amtssprache; Second language; Zweitsprache
Abstract	In classifying bilingual education following William F. Mackey's typology, single or dual media or instruction may be used for gradual or abrupt conversion to a wider or narrower culture. Bilingual education in the United States is usually dual medium, either for maintenance or conversion to a wider culture, aiming to produce a bilingual individual or to help assimilate an alien into American culture. The Bilingual Education Act has improved the situation for immigrants and American Indians, who previously were forced into monolingual education. In the Pacific islands, education had focussed on conversion from the native language to the colonial world language. Currently, however bilingual programs exist, and native dictionaries and grammars are being written and orthography reformed. Writing and teaching materials must be developed in the vernacular languages and competent teachers found and trained in order to establish successful dual medium, maintenance bilingual curricula. Schools in Indonesia, Malaysis, the Philippines and Singapore often teach local, national, and world languages. Currently, national languages are assuming ascendancy as colonial languages become foreign tongues. In all three areas of the world, bilingual education is both a source of identity and a factor in social change. (CK)
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2004/1/01