A Hospital based study on Factors Related to Teenage Pregnancy and their Outcome in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Autor/Urheber	Sangeetha, Y
Titel	A Hospital based study on Factors Related to Teenage Pregnancy and their Outcome in a Tertiary Care Centre.
Quelle	(2006) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Monographie
Schlagwörter	Paediatrics
Abstract	INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a developmental phase between childhood and adulthood with specific psychological attributes. It is a critical period in human development because it is during this phase that an individual begins to develop a stance towards the world. The journey from childhood to adulthood can present many obstacles to youth along the way. Between 10 and 20 years of age, children undergo rapid changes in body,size,shape,physiology and psychological and social functioning. Hormones set the developmental agenda in conjunction with social structures designed to foster the transition from childhood to adulthood. How does one define adolescence? In Oxford's dictionary "it is a period between childhood and adulthood". It is a period from the beginning of sexual maturity to the completion of physical growth. "It is that period of life of an individual when society no longer views him or her as a child but does not yet concede him either the roles or the functions inherent in the status of the adult" precise definition by Holingshead. Adolescence as a phase of development existed in some form long before it was recognized and conceptualized in United States in 1904 by G.Stanley Hall. Oxford English Dictionary traces the word itself to 15th century. It was first used in 1430. It meant " becoming an adult". Some 300 years before the birth of Christ,Aristotle complained that adolescents "are passionate and apt to be carried away by their impulses".Stage 5 of human development in Erikson's theory includes adolescence(Ego identity Vs Role confusion)population in the age group of 10-24 years which was estimated as 284 million is likely to reach 340.4 millions by 2025 AD2. Preventing teenage marriages, thus will constitute the corner stone of any population control strategy. OBJECTIVES: 1. To understand various social, economical, cultural and other demographic factors related to adolescent pregnancies. 2. To assess the nature and magnitude of various medical risk factors prevalent among the teenage pregnancy group. 3. To study the awareness of small family norms and the effectiveness of the existing public health care system in promotion of awareness in the adolescent pregnancy group. 4. To study complications and outcome of adolescent pregnancies. DISCUSSION: A hospital based cross sectional quantitative survey was undertaken among 500 adolescent pregnant women attending I.O.G. for their delivery / abortions. The results of the study relating to various socioeconomic differentials and the magnitude and direction of their impact on the nuptial patterns during adolescence and associated health risk factors were evaluated in terms of their implications for fertility control and improved health care. Age at Pregnancy Maximum cases were found to belong to late teen (18 - 19 yrs) constituting 77.6% as compared to early teen (22.4%). Various studies showing incidence of teenage pregnancies by age distribution from studies conducted in India. HUSBAND'S AGE AT MARRIAGE: 43.2% of men married to adolescent girl were from age group 26 - 30 yrs, followed by 31.8% from age group 21 - 25 yrs, 3.5% below 20 yrs and 7.4% above 35 yrs. Almost 2/3 of American adolescent mothers state their partners are more than 20 yrs of age and a considerable number have partners at least 6 yrs older than themselves (Moore et al, 1997). The age difference in Asian countries varies by 3 - 6 yrs versus 5 - 10 yrs in middle east countries, studies in united states note that these older partners, may force their younger partners into sexual abuse and unwanted, unplanned pregnancies. If the father is a teen, he is less capable than many older partners in providing for mother and child. RESIDENCE: 62.2% were from urban population. This may not be a true reflection of the level in the community, as the referral centre where the study is conducted caters a majority of urban population than from rural areas. TYPE OF DELIVERY: Most of adolescent teenage pregnant women lived in huts and kutcha houses. only 5.6% lived in pucca houses. This gives an indirect assessment of the socioeconomic strata. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: 1. In the present study, age wise distribution of pregnancy were higher in the late adolescent group (77.6%) and majority (97.6%) of them from the study group were married. There is a strong association that unmarried pregnancies were higher in early teens and from broken families. 2. The general literacy rate of adolescent women in the study group was low, 8% being illiterate and 45.8% had only primary school education. Majority of parents of adolescent study group were illiterates and hence may be a reason for early marriage in their children. There is a strong association between the literacy level of adolescent women and use of contraception and hence the interpregnancy interval. Nearly 85% of them had interpregnancy interval less than 2 years. So, the standard of education for the girls should be raised which by itself will delay teenage marriages and will improve the employment opportunities. The employment status of the adolescent group in the current study shows that 94.2% were unemployed. 3. Nearly 74% of adolescent pregnant women were from lower economic strata with per capita income being less than 500 rupees. There is a strong association between per capita income and use of contraception. Therefore, introduction of socio - economic reforms aimed at reducing poverty amongst the The problem of adolescent reproductive health, therefore requires an integrated approach where by socio-economic reforms complement the health sector with policies directed towards the poor and disadvantaged adolescent mothers, who are malnourished and are at high risk of contracting diseases many of which cause significant morbidity to both the teenage mothers and their neonates.
Anmerkungen	Sangeetha, Y (2006) A Hospital based study on Factors Related to Teenage Pregnancy and their Outcome in a Tertiary Care Centre. Masters thesis, Madras Medical College, Chennai.
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