Learning from the Challenges of the Melamchi Water Supply in Kathmandu ; ADBI Development Case Study ; No. 2019-2.

Autor/Urheber	Ritu Poudyal
Titel	Learning from the Challenges of the Melamchi Water Supply in Kathmandu ; ADBI Development Case Study ; No. 2019-2.
Quelle	Asian Development Bank (2019) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Monographie
Schlagwörter	Alleviating Poverty; Anti-Poverty; Extreme Poverty; Fight Against Poverty; Global Poverty; Health Aspects Of Poverty; Indicators Of Poverty; Participatory Poverty Assessment; Poverty Eradication; Poverty Analysis; Poverty In Developing Countries; Urban Poverty; Access To Water; Available Water; Demand For Water; Drinking Water; Drinking Water And Sanitation; Freshwater; Groundwater Quality; Health; Education; Water; Development Indicators; Environmental Indicators; Economic Indicators; Educational Indicators; Demographic Indicators; Health Indicators; Disadvantaged Groups; Socially Disadvantaged Children; Social Conditions; Urban Development; Urban Sociology; Project finance; Environmental Health Water; Shared natural resources; Water storage; Supply storage; Water Shortage; Agricultural resources; Hydrography; Sanitation; Poor; Economic forecasting; Health expectancy; Social groups; Political participation; Distribution of income; Inequality of income; Developing countries; Mass society; Social change; Social policy; Social stability; Population; Sustainable development; Peasantry; Urban policy; Urban renewal; Fresh water; Underground water; Water quality management; Drinking water protection; Source water protection; Water-supply; Water harvesting; Water in agriculture; Integrated water development
Abstract	Water security is a prerequisite for the development of a nation. A sustainable and safe water source is essential for human well-being, economic development, ecosystem preservation, and the prevention of water-related hazards. However, about half of the world's population now experiences water scarcity for at least 1 month per year, and the number of affected people is expected to increase to about 4.8 billion–5.7 billion by 2050 (Burek et al. 2016). At present, 41% of the world's population lives in river basins that are under water stress. Rapid population growth, climate change, water pollution, overexploitation of water reserves, industrialization, economic development, and mismanagement of water sources have depleted water sources and changed water ecosystems, causing floras and faunas to become extinct sooner. About 73% of the world's population who now face water scarcity lives in Asia. Despite the development initiatives in the region to tackle the water problem, the rate of scarcity is expected to reduce to only 69% by 2050 (Burek et al. 2016). The water security problem is increasing the number of people below the poverty line—when freshwater sources are lacking, people are forced to opt for alternative sources that are likely to be more expensive because of privatization. Furthermore, polluted water resources and inadequate sanitation facilities can lead to the spread of various waterborne diseases and expose marginalized groups of people to health risks.
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