Are Households with Returnee Migrants More Likely to be Entrepreneurial than Households With non-Migrants? A Study from Household Survey in Nepal.

Autor/Urheber	Dhruba Bhandari; Bishnu Dev Pant
Titel	Are Households with Returnee Migrants More Likely to be Entrepreneurial than Households With non-Migrants? A Study from Household Survey in Nepal.
Quelle	Institute for Integrated Development Studies (2019) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Monographie
Schlagwörter	Cash transfer; Urban Development Finance; Trade Finance; Small Business Finance; Public Service Finance; Public Finance; Project Finance; Private Finance; Nonbank Financing; Non-Bank Financial Institutions; Municipal Finance; International Financial Institutions; Infrastructure Financing; Industrial Finance; Government Financial Institutions; Government Finance; Financing of Infrastructure; Financial Sector Development; Immigration; Trade in services; Services sector; GATS (General Agreement for Trade in Services); Market access; Guest workers; Work permission; Visas; Migration; Taxation; Public Accounting; National Budget; Municipal Bonds; International Financial Market; International Banking; Central Banks; Business Financing; Budgetary Policy; Capital Needs; Corporate Divestiture; Capital Instruments; Pension Funds; Insurance Companies; Banks; Portfolio Management; Development Indicators; Environmental Indicators; Economic Indicators; Educational Indicators; Demographic Indicators; Health Indicators; Disadvantaged Groups; Socially Disadvantaged Children; Social Conditions; Grants; Use tax; Taxing power; State of taxation; Tax-sales; Tax revenue estimating; Tax planning; Spendings tax; Special assessments; Tax administration and procedure; Sales tax; Progressive taxation; Effect of taxation on land use; Effect of taxation on labor supply; Intergovernmental tax relations; Inheritance and transfer tax; Energy tax; Investment of public funds; Intergovernmental fiscal relations; Social infrastructure; Public works; Government lending; Poor; Economic forecasting; Health expectancy; Social groups; Political; Distribution of income; Inequality of income participation; Inequality of income; Developing countries; Mass society; Social change; Social policy; Social stability; Population; Sustainable development; SMEs
Abstract	Are households with returnee migrants more entrepreneurial relative to household with non-migrants? We explore this question using household survey data from 31 districts in Nepal. Overall effect of returnee migrants on household's business ownership/entrepreneurship depends on result of two opposing forces at work: on one hand returnee migrants can bring savings, experience and skills needed to set up business, however there is loss of social capital (personal networks) when they are out of the country. Estimating this causal effect is challenging because self-selection of household into outward migration at initial stage and into return migration at final stage. We address self-selection of initial outward migration using instrumental variable approach and address the self-selection at return stage by exploiting the circumstances forced return migration to Nepal due to expiration of work permit/work contract and health reasons. We examine the impact of having returnee migrants on household owning business (general) and agri-business (farming and live-stock).Our result shows that having a returnee migrant increases the probability of household owning agribusiness by 0.16. On the other hand, having a returnee migrant on household decreases the probability of owning general businesses by 0.24.
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