Wirkungen von Infrastrukturmaßnahmen auf die Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im ländlichen Bangladesch.

Autor/Urheber	Kussberger; Daniela
Titel	Wirkungen von Infrastrukturmaßnahmen auf die Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im ländlichen Bangladesch.
Quelle	Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University (2006) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei
Sprache	deutsch
Dokumenttyp	online; Monographie
Schlagwörter	Bangladesch; Infrastruktur; Verkehrsinfrastruktur; Wirkungsanalyse; Evaluation; Entwicklungsprojekt; Entwicklungskooperation; Indikator; Wirkung; Geografie; Datenerhebung; Evaluierung; Transport; Tangail; sozioökonomisch; Bangladesh; Impact; Effect; Infrastructure; Socioeconomic
Abstract	Bangladesh ; classified as 'Least Developed Country' (LDC) by the United Nations ; has one of the highest population densities world-wide and widespread poverty is a serious problem ; especially in rural areas. One of the main causes for poverty is physical isolation ; which not only hinders access to basic needs in affected areas but also access to important social facilities ; municipal authorities as well as to the focal points of the local economy ; the rural markets. Bangladesh has a dense transportation network ; four fifths of its roads are made of earth ; however ; which makes them a large extent impassable during and after the rainy season. Therefore ; the Bangladesh Government made the improvement of living conditions in rural areas its main goal in the 1980's. Since then ; the development of rural roads and markets (growth centres) has played an important role in the development strategy of the country. Numerous of Rural Development Projects (RDPs) have since then been implemented nationwide jointly with bi- and multilateral donors. The Tangail Infrastructure Development Project (TIDP) which is analyzed in this thesis ; also ranks in the category of RDPs. The monitoring unit of TIDP identified the following direct effects of the project measures: increase in traffic and mobility ; time savings and reduction in transport rates for freight and passengers. In addition ; the project markets have developed into attractive centers with higher demand ; better prices for locally produced goods and a greater variety of goods and services. Moreover ; the participation of the target population in road construction and maintenance created employment. The investigation of indirect ; long-term – i.e. socioeconomic – impact of infrastructure measures on the affected population forms an integral part of the thesis ; with special regard to the poor and to women ; who are traditionally disadvantaged in Bangladesh's society. The research is methodically based on a comparison between the situation "with and without" project intervention ; i.e. a comparison of a TIDP project region with a control region sharing the same substantial characteristics but without appropriate measures. The situation was also compared between two dates ; 1997 and 2002 ; i.e. "before and after the project intervention" in the project region. Main research instrument is a comprehensive survey of two villages in each region. The evaluation revealed that the living conditions in the project area have improved substantially ; not only because of the creation of access to important services but also because of the increased establishment of respective facilities as well as better supply with staff and equipment which benefit women and the poor in particular. An increase in employment possibilities in the non-farm sector has lead to a better income situation in the project region ; while the control region faces a higher rate of emigration owing to the lack of occupation options. Women and girls are the main beneficiaries of improvements in the health and education sectors ; but also experience an expansion of personal mobility due to the availability of adequate means of transport. Since the introduction of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) projects in the transportation sector are under pressure to justify their poverty alleviation impact. Costly socioeconomic impact analyses ; are not practicable as development projects are usually short of funds. Therefore ; an appropriate tool for a simplified yet effective impact measurement is deemed to be urgently needed. On the basis of the evaluation results a set of representative and significant indicators (key indicators) has been selected which is ; in the author's opinion ; best suited to be used for the analysis of gender- or poverty-related impact of infrastructure measures. The indicator bundle must be examined ; depending upon regional situation and project context and adapted if necessary.
Anmerkungen	Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University getr. Zählung : graph. Darst. ; Kt. (2006). = Aachen ; Techn. Hochsch. ; Diss. ; 2006
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