Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Russian Empire)

Autor/Urheber	Astashov, Aleksandr Borisovich
Institution	BSB - Bavarian State Library
Titel	Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Russian Empire)
Quelle	In: doi:10.15463/ie1418.11410; 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War(2019) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
DOI	10.15463/ie1418.11410
Schlagwörter	Militär; Weltkrieg [1914-1918]; Soviet Union--Armed Forces--History; World War; 1917-1921; politics; law; international relations; declarations; espionage; domestic policy; domestic mobilisation; social policy; institutions; monarchy; governments; parliaments; administration; civil service; police; law and legislation; courts; military law; political ideologies; pacifism; resistance and revolutions; revolts; political; revolutions; warfare and the military; military planning and recruitment; mobilisation; military; training and education; combatants; volunteers; warfare; land; maneuver warfare; command and control; civil-military relations; command structures; officers; internment and POWs; soldiers; experiences and attitudes; motivations; emotions; images of the enemy; letters and diaries; everyday life; leave; disobedience; desertion; self-mutilation; mutiny; battles; battlefields and campaigns; Eastern Front; crimes; atrocities; looting; devastation; trauma and medical care; injuries; mental trauma; wars after war; civil wars; economy; war finance; inflation; war economy; food and nutrition; black market; smuggling; society; demography; war losses; women and men; masculinity; social groups; working classes; farmers; peasants; crime and discrimination; crime; petty crime; religion and ethics; religious; culture; mobilization; cultural; interpretations of war; the media; press; journalism; newspapers; censorship; propaganda; domestic; science and technology; military sciences and technology; memory and historiography; war myths; historiography; controversies; peasant army; total war; military experience; moral crisis; anti-war sentiments
Abstract	The goal of this article is to uncover the causes, dynamics, and transformation of attitudes in the Russian army during the First World War. The contingents of the Russian army constantly changed during the course of military operations, and its composition qualitatively worsened. The mentality of the majority of soldiers of peasant origin and the traditions of the army did not meet the requirements of the technical nature of total war. This brought about a moral crisis, which reached a peak at the beginning of 1917. The process of demoralization in the army could not be contained by ideological, political, judicial and legal mechanisms.
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