Using Social Network Analysis to Explore Community Engagement for Out-of-School Youth (OSY) in the Mindanao Region of the Philippines

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Autor/inn/en	Faulkner, William N.; Nkwake, Apollo; Wallace, Nancy; Bonifaz, Alejandra
Titel	Using Social Network Analysis to Explore Community Engagement for Out-of-School Youth (OSY) in the Mindanao Region of the Philippines
Quelle	In: Quality Assurance in Education: An International Perspective, 29 (2021) 1, S.1-14 (14 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0968-4883
DOI	10.1108/QAE-12-2019-0126
Schlagwörter	Foreign Countries; Social Networks; Network Analysis; Nontraditional Education; Traditional Schools; Out of School Youth; Interaction; Individual Characteristics; Violence; Resilience (Psychology); Correlation; Community Organizations; Youth Programs; Environmental Influences; Gender Differences; Age Differences; Rural Urban Differences; Place of Residence; Ethnicity; Religion; Social Attitudes; Interpersonal Relationship; Trust (Psychology); Philippines + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Ausland; Social network; Soziales Netzwerk; Netzplantechnik; Non-traditional education; Alternative Erziehung; Traditioneller Unterricht; Interaktion; Personality characteristic; Personality traits; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Gewalt; Korrelation; Jugendsofortprogramm; Environmental influence; Umwelteinfluss; Geschlechterkonflikt; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Stadt-Land-Beziehung; Wohnort; Ethnizität; Social attidude; Soziale Einstellung; Interpersonal relation; Interpersonal relations; Interpersonelle Beziehung; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; Philippinen
Abstract	Purpose: Operating in both traditional schools and alternative learning systems (ALS) requires organizations to have a strong understanding of what drives the cultural acceptance of violence and the capacity of the local populace to find peaceful solutions. This paper explores the results from a formative social network analysis (SNA) study on out-of-school youth (OSY) in the Philippines for educational programming in crisis settings. SNA views relationships in terms of nodes and ties--nodes are the individual actors in networks, and ties are the relationships between the actors. As part of a process evaluation, SNA can shed light into the "black box" of how and why people and groups interact. Design/methodology/approach: Study data came from a survey of 1,006 youth between the ages of 18-24, in a cluster-randomized sample from eight municipalities in Mindanao, Philippines. The survey captured information on demographics, acceptance of violence, resilience and the relationships between youth/voluntary organizations, as well as between youth/trusted contacts ("alters"). These data were transformed into findings using both descriptive techniques and regression analysis. Findings: This paper finds that among Mindanao youth, the patterns connecting OSY with organizations, trusted contacts, acceptance of violence and resilience are extremely complex. The evidence paints a picture of OSY who are disconnected with institutional support, largely confined to their barangays (villages/neighborhoods) and surrounded by people who have overlapping roles as neighbors, relatives and friends. The analysis fails to outline a single, unified picture and instead reveals a tapestry of disparate points. More abstractly, SNA as a methodology captures a unique slice of the complexity of youths' lives and how aspects of this complexity evince the need for more effort to be put into adapting OSY programming to local conditions. The results also support previous research highlighting how push and pull factors combine in uniquely individual ways that defy general demographic patterns. Demographic variables, for example, explain little of the variation in youths' perceptions of violence and resilience, despite the strong significance of gender, age and urban/rural residence in most models. Variables for ethnicity and religion, in contrast, generally did not significantly influence acceptance of violence or perceived resilience. Social implications: From the constellation of findings, this study posits the following conclusions--regarding future development projects, practitioners can use SNA to better understand the complex patterns of influence on OSY at the community level. There is still ample opportunity to broaden and deepen institutional engagement with Mindanao's OSY population. Programs hoping to involve OSY should expect to dedicate special time, attention and resources to their recruitment, education and training. Regarding the design of interventions, programs focusing on mitigating or addressing violence/violent extremism should acknowledge the complexity of social networks. Education programs should thus be explicit about specific desired outcomes, elaborating how they intend to mitigate which types of violence and under what circumstances for which subgroups of youth. Originality/value: Regarding future research and evaluation, the study demonstrates how SNA, as an innovative monitoring and evaluation method, can map and measure human and organizational relationships, both visually and mathematically. The suite of methods under the SNA umbrella deserve greater attention and use by those seeking to learn about what works in providing quality educational services in crisis settings. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01