Language Switching--but Not Foreign Language Use Per Se--Reduces the Framing Effect

Autor/inn/en	Oganian, Y.; Korn, C. W.; Heekeren, H. R.
Titel	Language Switching--but Not Foreign Language Use Per Se--Reduces the Framing Effect
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42 (2016) 1, S.140-148 (9 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0000161
Schlagwörter	Code Switching (Language); Language Proficiency; Second Language Learning; Language Usage; Prediction; Native Language; Decision Making; Cognitive Ability; Language Processing; Risk; Validity; Language Research; Bilingualism; Correlation; Online Surveys; German; Reaction Time; Task Analysis; English (Second Language); French; Social Media; Language Tests; Asians; Diseases; Self Evaluation (Individuals); Control Groups; Context Effect; Emotional Response; Profiles; Regression (Statistics); Foreign Countries; Germany + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Language skill; Language skills; Sprachkompetenz; Zweitsprachenerwerb; Sprachgebrauch; Vorhersage; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Denkfähigkeit; Sprachverarbeitung; Risiko; Gültigkeit; Sprachforschung; Bilingualismus; Korrelation; Deutscher; Reaktionsvermögen; Aufgabenanalyse; English as second language; English; Second Language; Englisch als Zweitsprache; Französisch; Soziale Medien; Language test; Sprachtest; Asian; Asiat; Asiatin; Asiaten; Asiate; Disease; Krankheit; Emotionales Verhalten; Charakterisierung; Profilanalyse; Regression; Regressionsanalyse; Ausland; Deutschland
Abstract	Recent studies reported reductions of well-established biases in decision making under risk, such as the framing effect, during foreign language (FL) use. These modulations were attributed to the use of FL itself, which putatively entails an increase in emotional distance. A reduced framing effect in this setting, however, might also result from enhanced cognitive control associated with language-switching in mixed-language contexts, an account that has not been tested yet. Here we assess predictions of the 2 accounts in 2 experiments with over 1,500 participants. In Experiment 1, we tested a central prediction of the emotional distance account, namely that the framing effect would be reduced at low, but not high, FL proficiency levels. We found a strong framing effect in the native language, and surprisingly also in the foreign language, independent of proficiency. In Experiment 2, we orthogonally manipulated foreign language use and language switching to concurrently test the validity of both accounts. As in Experiment 1, foreign language use per se had no effect on framing. Crucially, the framing effect was reduced following a language switch, both when switching into the foreign and the native language. Thus, our results suggest that reduced framing effects are not mediated by increased emotional distance in a foreign language, but by transient enhancement of cognitive control, putting the interplay of bilingualism and decision making in a new light. (As Provided).
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Update	2020/1/01