Extinction Memory Improvement by the Metabolic Enhancer Methylene Blue

Autor/inn/en	Gonzalez-Lima, F.; Bruchey, Aleksandra K.
Titel	Extinction Memory Improvement by the Metabolic Enhancer Methylene Blue
Quelle	In: Learning & Memory, 11 (2004) 5, S.633-640 (8 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1072-0502
Schlagwörter	Memory; Pharmacology; Conditioning; Auditory Stimuli; Learning Processes; Retention (Psychology); Animal Behavior; Control Groups; Fear; Biochemistry; Laboratory Procedures; Laboratory Experiments; Brain + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Gedächtnis; Arzneikunde; Auditive Stimulation; Learning process; Lernprozess; Merkfähigkeit; Tierverhalten; Furcht; Biochemie; Laboruntersuchung; Laboratory work; Laborarbeit; Gehirn
Abstract	We investigated whether postextinction administration of methylene blue (MB) could enhance retention of an extinguished conditioned response. MB is a redox compound that at low doses elevates cytochrome oxidase activity, thereby improving brain energy production. Saline or MB (4 mg/kg intraperitoneally) were administered to rats for 5 d following extinction training of tone-footshock conditioning. Postextinction freezing was lower in rats receiving MB compared with saline, suggesting that MB improved retention of the extinction memory. The MB effect was specific to tone-evoked freezing because there were no differences in pretone freezing. Control subjects similarly injected with MB showed no evidence of nonspecific effects on measures of motor activity and fearfulness. MB-treated rats exhibited both greater retention of extinction and greater overall brain metabolic activity. Rats with higher retention of extinction also showed a relative increase in cytochrome oxidase activity in prefrontal cortical regions, especially anterior infralimbic cortex, dorsal and medial frontal cortex, and lateral orbital cortex. These regional metabolic increases were also correlated to the behavioral freezing index used to assess retention of extinction. It was concluded that MB administered postextinction could enhance retention of extinction memory through an increase in brain cytochrome oxidase activity. (Contains 4 tables and 5 figures.) (Author).
Anmerkungen	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 500 Sunnyside Boulevard, Woodbury, NY 11797-2924. Tel: 800-843-4388; 516-367-8800; Fax: 516-422-4097; e-mail: cshpres@cshl.edu; Web site: http://www.learnmem.org/
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10