Off-Farm Work among Rural Households: A Case Study in the Brazilian Amazon

Autor/inn/en	VanWey, Leah; Vithayathil, Trina
Titel	Off-Farm Work among Rural Households: A Case Study in the Brazilian Amazon
Quelle	In: Rural Sociology, 78 (2013) 1, S.29-50 (22 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0036-0112
DOI	10.1111/j.1549-0831.2012.00094.x
Schlagwörter	Job Security; Probability; Human Capital; Social Capital; Wages; Labor Supply; Rural Development; Foreign Countries; Employment; Agricultural Occupations; Interpersonal Relationship; Role; Income; Place of Residence; Prediction; Brazil + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Arbeitsplatzsicherheit; Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung; Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie; Humankapital; Sozialkapital; Wage; Löhne; Labour Supply; Arbeitskräfteangebot; Rural environment; Development; Ländliches Milieu; Entwicklung; Ausland; Dienstverhältnis; Agriculture; Occupation; Landwirtschaft; Beruf; Landwirtschaftlicher Beruf; Interpersonal relation; Interpersonal relations; Interpersonelle Beziehung; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; Rollen; Einkommen; Wohnort; Vorhersage; Brasilien
Abstract	This article analyzes off-farm work among subsistence-level farmers in the Santarem region of the Brazilian Amazon. We build on the literature on rural livelihoods in the Global South by exploring how the opportunity to work off the farm is embedded in social relationships. We additionally differentiate our analysis by type of off-farm work, and examine how other characteristics such as human capital, the available labor supply, and access to infrastructure vary by work outcome. In general, the factors that contribute to more secure, relatively higher-paying work differ from those important in understanding patterns of lower-paying, daily wage work. We find that on-farm social capital, measured as the presence of a co-resident on the property who works off the farm, increases an individual's probability of working off the farm, but has a stronger effect for lower-wage work. We also find that the farm owner's relationship to households on the farm property plays a significant role in predicting patterns of off-farm work. These findings suggest that social capital plays an important role in providing access to employment and therefore to cash income, but that farm-level social capital does not necessarily provide pathways to stable or high-paying jobs outside agriculture. (Contains 3 tables, 3 figures and 16 footnotes.) (As Provided).
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Update	2017/4/10