Literaturnachweis - Detailanzeige
| Autor/inn/en | Kornell, Nate; Hays, Matthew Jensen; Bjork, Robert A. |
|---|---|
| Titel | Unsuccessful Retrieval Attempts Enhance Subsequent Learning |
| Quelle | In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35 (2009) 4, S.989-998 (10 Seiten)
PDF als Volltext |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Dokumenttyp | gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz |
| ISSN | 0278-7393 |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0015729 |
| Schlagwörter | Learning Processes; Recall (Psychology); Cues; Memory; College Students; Experimental Psychology; Experiments; Tests; Failure; Influences; Academic Achievement; California |
| Abstract | Taking tests enhances learning. But what happens when one cannot answer a test question--does an unsuccessful retrieval attempt impede future learning or enhance it? The authors examined this question using materials that ensured that retrieval attempts would be unsuccessful. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were asked fictional general-knowledge questions (e.g., "What peace treaty ended the Calumet War?"). In Experiments 3-6, participants were shown a cue word (e.g., "whale") and were asked to guess a weak associate (e.g., "mammal"); the rare trials on which participants guessed the correct response were excluded from the analyses. In the test condition, participants attempted to answer the question before being shown the answer; in the "read-only" condition, the question and answer were presented together. Unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhanced learning with both types of materials. These results demonstrate that retrieval attempts enhance future learning; they also suggest that taking challenging tests--instead of avoiding errors--may be one key to effective learning. (Contains 4 figures.) (As Provided). |
| Anmerkungen | American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org/publications |
| Erfasst von | ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC |
| Update | 2017/4/10 |
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