Temperature, Skin Color, Per Capita Income, and IQ: An International Perspective

Autor/inn/en	Templer, Donald I.; Arikawa, Hiroko
Titel	Temperature, Skin Color, Per Capita Income, and IQ: An International Perspective
Quelle	In: Intelligence, 34 (2006) 2, S.121-139 (19 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0160-2896
DOI	10.1016/j.intell.2005.04.002
Schlagwörter	Intelligence Quotient; Racial Differences; Correlation; Climate; Intelligence Tests; Hypothesis Testing; Income; Global Approach; Intelligence Differences; Foreign Countries; Africa + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Intelligenzquotient; Rassenunterschied; Korrelation; Klima; Intelligence test; Intelligenztest; Hypothesenprüfung; Hypothesentest; Einkommen; Globales Denken; Ausland; Afrika
Abstract	The impetus for our study was the contention of both Lynn [Lynn, R. (1991) "Race differences in intelligence: A global perspective." "Mankind Quarterly," 31, 255-296] and Rushton [Rushton, J. P. (1995). "Race, evolution and behavior: A life history perspective." New Brunswick, NJ: "Transaction"; Rushton, J. P. (1997). "Race, intelligence, and the brain: The errors and omissions of the revised edition of S.J. Gould's the mismeasurement of man." "Personality and Individual Differences," 23, 169-180; Rushton, J. P. (2000). "Race, evolution, and behavior. A life history perspective" (3rd edition). Port Huron: Charles Darwin Research Institute] that persons in colder climates tend to have higher IQs than persons in warmer climates. We correlated mean IQ of 129 countries with per capita income, skin color, and winter and summer temperatures, conceptualizing skin color as a multigenerational reflection of climate. The highest correlations were -0.92 (rho = -0.91) for skin color, -0.76 (rho = -0.76) for mean high winter temperature, -0.66 (rho = -0.68) for mean low winter temperature, and 0.63 (rho = 0.74) for real gross domestic product per capita. The correlations with population of country controlled for are almost identical. Our findings provide strong support for the observation of Lynn and of Rushton that persons in colder climates tend to have higher IQs. These findings could also be viewed as congruent with, although not providing unequivocal evidence for, the contention that higher intelligence evolves in colder climates. The finding of higher IQ in Eurasians than Africans could also be viewed as congruent with the position of Diamond (1997) that knowledge and resources are transmitted more readily on the Eurasian west-east axis. (Author).
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Update	2017/4/10