Always Look on the Bright Side of Logic? Testing Explanations of Intuitive Sensitivity to Logic in Perceptual Tasks

Autor/inn/en	Hayes, Brett K.; Stephens, Rachel G.; Lee, Michael D.; Dunn, John C.; Kaluve, Anagha; Choi-Christou, Jasmine; Cruz, Nicole
Titel	Always Look on the Bright Side of Logic? Testing Explanations of Intuitive Sensitivity to Logic in Perceptual Tasks
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 48 (2022) 11, S.1598-1617 (20 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Hayes, Brett K.) ORCID (Stephens, Rachel G.) ORCID (Lee, Michael D.) ORCID (Choi-Christou, Jasmine) ORCID (Cruz, Nicole)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0001105
Schlagwörter	Abstract Reasoning; Logical Thinking; Intuition; Comprehension; Discrimination Learning; Validity; Undergraduate Students; Foreign Countries; Difficulty Level; Australia + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Abstraktes Denken; Denken; Verstehen; Verständnis; Lernen; Lernprozess; Gültigkeit; Ausland; Schwierigkeitsgrad; Australien
Abstract	Much recent research and theorizing in the field of reasoning has been concerned with intuitive sensitivity to logical validity, such as the logic-brightness effect, in which logically valid arguments are judged to have a "brighter" typeface than invalid arguments. We propose and test a novel signal competition account of this phenomenon. Our account makes two assumptions: (a) as per the demands of the logic-brightness task, people attempt to find a perceptual signal to guide brightness judgments, but (b) when the perceptual signal is hard to discern, they instead attend to cues such as argument validity. Experiment 1 tested this account by manipulating the difficulty of the perceptual contrast. When contrast discrimination was relatively difficult, we replicated the logic-brightness effect. When the discrimination was easy, the effect was eliminated. Experiment 2 manipulated the ambiguity of the perceptual task, comparing discrimination performance when the perceptual contrast was labeled in terms of rating "brightness" or "darkness". When the less ambiguous darkness labeling was used, there was no evidence of a logic-brightness effect. In both experiments, individual sensitivity to the perceptual discrimination was negatively correlated with sensitivity to argument validity. Hierarchical latent mixture modeling revealed distinct individual strategies: responses based on perceptual cues, responses based on validity or guessing. Consistent with the signal competition account, the proportion of those responding to validity increased with perceptual discrimination difficulty or task ambiguity. The results challenge explanations of the logic-brightness effect based on parallel dual-process models of reasoning. (As Provided).
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Update	2024/1/01