A Pragmatic Study of Congratulation Strategies of Pakistani ESL Learners and British English Speakers

Autor/inn/en	Saleem, Aisha; Saleem, Tahir; Aziz, Asif
Titel	A Pragmatic Study of Congratulation Strategies of Pakistani ESL Learners and British English Speakers
Quelle	In: Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 7 (2022), Artikel 8 (22 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Saleem, Tahir)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	2363-5169
DOI	10.1186/s40862-022-00134-9
Schlagwörter	Speech Acts; Foreign Countries; English (Second Language); Second Language Learning; Language Variation; Psychological Patterns; Native Speakers; Social Distance; Socioeconomic Status; Pakistan + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Sprechakt; Ausland; English as second language; English; Second Language; Englisch als Zweitsprache; Zweitsprachenerwerb; Sprachenvielfalt; Muttersprachler; Socio-economic status; Sozioökonomischer Status
Abstract	People usually express their feelings and emotions positively to others when they have happy occasions. However, the ways of expressing congratulation may vary because the expressive speech act "congratulations" is not the only way to express happiness and share others their happy news. The present study investigates the congratulation strategies of Pakistani English as second language (ESL) learners and British English speakers under the influence of social distance variable. A quantitative approach is applied in the analysis with the frequency of strategies (semantic formulas) being numerically analyzed. The current study recruited 120 participants, and who were further divided into four different groups: 30 British English speakers, 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the elite class, 30 Pakistani ESL learners of the middle class, and 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the lower class. For data collection, a discourse completion test (DCT) was used as a tool. The findings reveal that the most frequently used types of congratulation strategy are "illocutionary force indicating device" (IFID) followed by overlapped strategies (a combination of two), "an offer of a good wish," "expression of happiness," "request for information," "encouragement," "expression of surprise," and "suggestion of celebration," while other types of strategies are not used by the participants. The study reveals the existence of crosscultural differences in the use of congratulations by Pakistani ESL learners. The findings further show how the middle and lower class of Pakistani ESL learners use a more elaborated form of compliment responses (CRs) as compared to Pakistani ESL learners of elite and British English speakers. The findings may help in understanding the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of Pakistani ESL learners as compared to British English speakers. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01