Genetic and Environmental Correlates of the Nonlinear Recovery of Cognitive Ability in Twins

Autor/inn/en	Womack, Sean R.; Beam, Christopher R.; Davis, Deborah Winders; Finkel, Deborah; Turkheimer, Eric
Titel	Genetic and Environmental Correlates of the Nonlinear Recovery of Cognitive Ability in Twins
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 58 (2022) 3, S.535-550 (16 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Womack, Sean R.) ORCID (Beam, Christopher R.) ORCID (Davis, Deborah Winders) ORCID (Finkel, Deborah)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0001305
Schlagwörter	Twins; Cognitive Ability; Genetics; Environmental Influences; Cognitive Development; Children; Adolescents; Intelligence Tests; Kentucky (Louisville); Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale; McCarthy Scales of Childrens Abilities; Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Twin; Zwilling; Denkfähigkeit; Humangenetik; Environmental influence; Umwelteinfluss; Kognitive Entwicklung; Child; Kind; Kinder; Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Intelligence test; Intelligenztest
Abstract	Twins regularly score nearly a standard deviation below the population mean on standardized measures of cognitive development in infancy but recover to the population mean by early childhood, making rapid gains through the toddler years. To date, only polynomial growth models have been fit to model cognitive recovery across childhood, limiting the applicability of the growth parameters to later developmental periods. We fit a nonlinear asymptotic Gompertz growth model to prospective cognitive scores from 1,153 individual twins from 578 families (47.9% male, 91.5% White, 61.6% monozygotic) measured at 16 time points between 3 months and 15 years. Twins displayed a lower asymptote of 86.47 (0.90 SD below the population mean) and gained on average 17.01 points, achieving an upper asymptote of 103.48. Growth was observed to be most rapid at 3.26 years, highlighting the importance of the toddler years in cognitive development. Biometric analyses revealed that shared environmental factors accounted for the majority of the variance in initial cognitive ability as well as asymptotic growth in cognitive ability. Gestational age and family socioeconomic status (SES) were robust predictors of cognitive growth. Results from the present study provide insight into the growth processes underlying the recovery of cognitive ability to the population mean for children evincing slight delays in their initial cognitive ability. In particular, findings highlight prenatal factors and family economic resources as important aspects of the environment in the recovery of cognitive ability. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01