Is Retaining Students in the Early Grades Self-Defeating? CCF Brief #49

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Autor/in	West, Martin R.
Institution	Center on Children and Families at Brookings
Titel	Is Retaining Students in the Early Grades Self-Defeating? CCF Brief #49
Quelle	(2012), (7 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Monographie
Schlagwörter	Evidence; Reading Tests; Parent Participation; Educational Attainment; Parent School Relationship; Grade 3; Reading Skills; Remedial Instruction; Parents; Outcomes of Education; Dropouts; Low Achievement; Grade Repetition; Reading Instruction; Educational Quality; Incidence; Student Promotion; Educational Policy; Florida + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Evidenz; Lesetest; Elternmitwirkung; Bildungsabschluss; Bildungsgut; Parent-school relationship; Parent school relationships; Parent-school relationships; Parent-school relation; Parent school relation; Eltern-Schule-Beziehung; School year 03; 3. Schuljahr; Schuljahr 03; Reading skill; Lesefertigkeit; Förderkurs; Eltern; Lernleistung; Schulerfolg; Drop-out; Drop-outs; Dropout; Early leavers; Schulversagen; Unterdurchschnittliche Leistung; Repeat a school year; Repeating; Sitzen bleiben; Sitzenbleiben; Leseunterricht; Quality of education; Bildungsqualität; Vorkommen; Support of studies; Studienförderung; Politics of education; Bildungspolitik
Abstract	Whether a child is a proficient reader by the third grade is an important indicator of their future academic success. Indeed, substantial evidence indicates that unless students establish basic reading skills by that time, the rest of their education will be an uphill struggle. This evidence has spurred efforts to ensure that all students receive high-quality reading instruction in and even before the early grades. It has also raised the uncomfortable question of how to respond when those efforts fail to occur or prove unsuccessful: Should students who have not acquired a basic level of reading proficiency by grade three be promoted along with their peers? Or should they be retained and provided with intensive interventions before moving on to the next grade? Several states and school districts have recently enacted policies requiring that students who do not demonstrate basic reading proficiency at the end of third grade be retained and provided with remedial services. Similar policies are under debate in state legislatures around the nation. Although these policies aim to provide incentives for educators and parents to ensure that students meet performance expectations, they can also be expected to increase the incidence of retention in the early grades. Their enactment has therefore renewed a longstanding debate about retention's consequences for low-achieving students. Critics point to a massive literature indicating that retained students achieve at lower levels, are more likely to drop out of high school, and have worse social-emotional outcomes than superficially similar students who are promoted. Yet the decision to retain a student is typically made based on subtle considerations involving ability, maturity, and parental involvement that researchers are unable to incorporate into their analyses. As a result, the disappointing outcomes of retained students may well reflect the reasons they were held back in the first place rather than the consequences of being retained. Recent studies that isolate the causal impact of retaining low-achieving students cast further doubt on the conventional view that retention leads to negative outcomes. Much of this work has focused on Florida, which since 2003 has required that many third graders scoring at the lowest performance level on the state reading test be retained and provided with intensive remediation. Students retained under Florida's test-based promotion policy perform at higher levels than their promoted peers in both reading and math for several years after repeating third grade; they are also less likely to be retained in a subsequent grade. Although it is too soon to analyze the policy's effects on students' ultimate educational attainment and labor-market success, this new evidence suggests that policies encouraging the retention and remediation of struggling readers can be a useful complement to broader efforts to reduce the number of students reading below grade level. [Additional funding for this paper was provided by the Campaign for Grade-Level Reading.] (ERIC).
Anmerkungen	Center on Children and Families at Brookings. 1775 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036. Tel: 202-797-6069; Fax: 202-797-2968; e-mail: ccf@brookings.edu; Web site: http://www.brookings.edu/ccf.aspx
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10