Addiction as a Systems Failure: Focus on Adolescence and Smoking

Autor/inn/en	Baler, Ruben D.; Volkow, Nora D.
Titel	Addiction as a Systems Failure: Focus on Adolescence and Smoking
Quelle	In: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50 (2011) 4, S.329-339 (11 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0890-8567
DOI	10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.008
Schlagwörter	Smoking; Addictive Behavior; Adolescents; Genetics; Developmental Stages; Environmental Influences; Children; At Risk Persons; Social Influences; Cultural Influences; Literature Reviews; Resilience (Psychology); Phenomenology; Health Promotion + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Rauchen; Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Humangenetik; Environmental influence; Umwelteinfluss; Child; Kind; Kinder; Risikogruppe; Sozialer Einfluss; Cultural influence; Kultureinfluss; Phenomenological psychology; Phänomenologie; Psychologie; Gesundheitsfürsorge; Gesundheitshilfe; Reihenuntersuchung
Abstract	Objective: Scientific advances in the field of addiction have forever debunked the notion that addiction reflects a character flaw under voluntary control, demonstrating instead that it is a bona fide disease of the brain. The aim of this review is to go beyond this consensus understanding and explore the most current evidence regarding the vast number of genetic, developmental, and environmental factors whose complex interactions modulate addiction risk and trajectory. Method: Focusing on childhood and adolescent smoking as a paradigm, we review the important risk factors for the development of addictions, starting at the level of genetics and closing with a focus on sociocultural and policy factors. Results: A critical review of the pertinent literature provides a detailed view of the cumulative power of risk and protection factors across different phenomenological levels to modulate the risk of undesirable outcomes, particularly for young people. The result represents a compelling argument for the need to engage in comprehensive, multilevel approaches to promoting health. Conclusions: Today, the field of medicine understands more about disease than about health; however it need not be that way. The view of drug addiction as a systems failure should help refocus our general approach to developing dynamic models and early comprehensive interventions that optimize the ways in which we prevent and treat a complex, developmental disorder such as drug addiction. (Contains 1 figure.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10